If your bird is ill, your veterinarian may prescribe medication. Occasionally, medications can be provided in food or water. However, unless you can provide the medication inside something that can be swallowed in one gulp (for example, inside a small piece or fruit or vegetable), or your bird will accept hand feeding, controlling dosages and administration times in food or water is not very precise. Your bird may not consume enough of the medication because it does
Owners should get to know their birds’ normal behaviors and routines so that they can detect subtle changes in their bird’s behavior, food or water consumption, energy level, and overall appearance ( see General Signs of Disease in Birds). In the wild, most birds are instinctively aware that they are the prey of many other animals. Under these conditions, birds will often attempt to hide any weakness or illness. Pet bird owners should be awa
Your veterinarian plays an important role in your bird’s health because, as prey species trying to avoid predation, birds tend to mask illness until it is far advanced. Owners who recognize a slight difference in behavior, attitude, or physical condition of their pet bird should seek the immediate attention of a veterinarian. Other important services your veterinarian provides include grooming and identification.
New bird owners should try to locate an ABVP (
Recent advances in medicine for pet birds—and the change from wild-caught birds to those raised in captivity—have changed the emphasis from infectious diseases and emergency medicine to wellness care. The importance of nutrition and behavior in the health of caged birds has been acknowledged and plays a major role in pet bird wellness programs. Understanding the natural behavior of birds will help make the relationship between owner and bird more enjoyable for both.
A thrombus is a blood clot that may form when the blood flow of an artery or vein is restricted, when the lining of a blood vessel is damaged, or when another condition causes a dog to produce clots excessively. They can form in the heart or within blood vessels. It frequently causes obstruction to blood vessels at its site of origin. All or part of a clot may break off and be carried through the bloodstream as an embo
Heartworm disease is a potentially fatal, but preventable, infection caused by a worm parasite, Dirofilaria immitis. The organism is transmitted by mosquitoes, which carry the heartworm larvae (called microfilariae) from an infected animal host to a new animal host. Once the larvae arrive in a new host, they grow into adult worms in several months and live in the blood vessels that serve the heart and lungs. In advanced infections, the heartworms
Dogs can have a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The most common ones are discussed below.
Degenerative Valve Disease
Degenerative valve disease is the most common heart disease in dogs and accounts for about 75% of cardiovascular disease in this species. This disease is characterized by thickening of the heart valves. It most commonly affects the mitral or tricuspid valve. The disease is
Heart failure is not a specific disease or diagnosis. It is a syndrome in which severe dysfunction results in failure of the cardiovascular system to maintain adequate blood circulation. There are limited and specific mechanisms by which heart disease can result in failure of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, there are limited and specific signs that can develop as a result of heart failure.
Types of Heart Failure
Congenital abnormalities of the cardiovascular system are defects that are present at birth. They can occur as a result of genetic defects, environmental conditions, infections, poisoning, medication taken by the mother, or poor maternal nutrition. In some cases, it is a combination of these factors that causes the defect. For several defects, an inherited basis is suspected based on breed and breeding studies. However, some studies have suggested that fewer than 1%
Treatment of cardiovascular disease should be specific for the type of disease. Some defects can be repaired or corrected with surgery, while other conditions can be managed with medical therapy using one or a combination of drugs. In dogs with congestive heart failure, a low-sodium diet may be recommended to help eliminate excess fluid in the body.
In general, the goals of treatment are to minimize damage to the heart muscle, control the accumulation of flui