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The Gonads and Genital Tract of Cats
date February 4, 2025
Both sexes have a pair of sexual organs or gonads (ovaries or testes), the main functions of which are to produce eggs or sperm, respectively, and hormones.   The Ovaries Ovaries are female gonads that produce eggs and female sexual hormones, including estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is necessary for the development of eggs, and progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy. Once puberty is reached and
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Introduction to Reproductive Disorders of Cats
date February 4, 2025
The reproductive system is the group of organs that produce offspring. In both males and females, the reproductive system is composed of primary sex organs and primary regulatory centers. The primary sex organs are testes in the male and the ovaries and uterus in the female. The primary regulatory centers are in the brain. They control the production of hormones that in turn influence the functioning of the primary sex organs.
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Malignant Hyperthermia in Cats
date February 4, 2025
Malignant hyperthermia is seen mostly in pigs, but it has also been reported in dogs, cats, and horses. This syndrome is characterized by abnormally high body temperature and muscle contractions that can potentially lead to death. A rapid and sudden increase in body temperature can be followed by muscle rigidity, a very rapid and irregular heartbeat, increased breathing rate, a bluish tinge to the skin and mucous membranes, unstable blood pressure, fluid buildup in the lungs, imp
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Fever of Unknown Origin in Cats
date February 4, 2025
In both animals and people, fever may indicate infection, inflammation, an immune-mediated disease, or cancer. Determining the cause of a fever requires a history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory or other diagnostic tests. Often, a fever resolves on its own or in response to antibiotic therapy. However, in a small percentage of animals, the fever continues or keeps coming back and the cause cannot be determined. This is called fever of unknown origi
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Disorders of Potassium Metabolism in Cats
date February 4, 2025
Potassium is an important electrolyte (salt) that affects the function of nerves, muscles, and the heart. A high level of potassium in the blood is known as hyperkalemia, whereas a low level is called hypokalemia. Hypokalemia can occur when there is inadequate potassium in a cat's diet or when a cat receives a large amount of intravenous fluids. Severely low blood levels of potassium result in
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Disorders of Magnesium Metabolism in Cats
date February 4, 2025
Most disorders of magnesium metabolism are due to problems associated with absorption of the mineral from the digestive tract. Because of anatomical differences in the digestive tract between species, the rates disorders of magnesium vary in different types of animals. Disorders of magnesium metabolism are less common in cats than in cattle and sheep. Too much magnesium in the blood (hypermagnesemia) is rare but has been reported in cats with kidn
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Disorders of Calcium Metabolism in Cats
date February 4, 2025
Calcium is an essential component of the skeleton, and it has important functions in muscle contraction, blood clotting, enzyme activity, the nervous system, and hormone release, among others. Many different metabolic disorders affect calcium metabolism and can lead to abnormal levels of calcium in the blood ( see also Disorders of the Parathyroid Glands and of Calcium Metabolism in Cats). A high level of calcium is known as hypercalcemia, w
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Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria in Cats
date February 4, 2025
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria is a rare hereditary disease of cats, cattle, pigs, sheep, and people. It results from low levels of an enzyme involved in the production of heme. Heme is a part of hemoglobin, which is the molecule that carries oxygen in the blood. Affected animals have reddish brown discoloration of the teeth, bones, and urine at birth that continues for life. Abnormal byproducts accumulate in the skin and cause severe sensitivity to the sun (called photosensitivity
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Introduction to Metabolic Disorders of Cats
date February 4, 2025
Metabolism refers to all processes in the body that break down and convert ingested substances to provide the energy and nutrients needed to sustain life. Foods, liquids, and drugs all generally undergo metabolic processes within the body. Many foods are complex materials that must be broken down into simpler substances, which in turn become “building blocks” for the body to use as needed. For example, protein is broken down into amino acids, which are used in
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Tracheobronchitis (Bronchitis, Bronchial Asthma) in Cats
date February 4, 2025
Tracheobronchitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the trachea and bronchial airways; it may also extend into the lungs. It is more likely to occur in cats already affected by respiratory disease or a disorder of the lungs or airways. Tracheobronchitis in cats can be caused by immune dysfunction, parasites, by diseases of the mouth and pharynx, or by chronic coughing related to heart or lung disease. Other causes include smoke inhalation and exposure to chemica
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