Once you have chosen the type of fish you want to keep, you need to learn how to set up and maintain the best possible environment to keep them healthy. Important considerations include water quality, diet, cleaning, and prevention and treatment of disease.
Providing a Home for Indoor Fish
The best thing to do when considering a home aquarium is to learn as much as possible about the various types of aquariums and species of fish. Your veterinarian, books, hobby magazines, the Internet, and your local pet store can all be good sources of information. A reputable pet store can be a great resource because experienced employees are often knowledgeable not only about setting up and maintaining home aquariums but also about local conditions (such as the cha
A home aquarium must function as an ecosystem with specific conditions that are maintained at a constant level. Proper maintenance requires water quality monitoring, water changes, filtration, removal of waste materials, and aeration. The appropriate environmental conditions must be maintained regardless of the size of the aquatic environment, from a pond containing hundreds of gallons of water to the smallest goldfish bowl.
You will
Unlike mammals, fish are cold-blooded (ectothermic). This means that they do not maintain a constant internal body temperature; instead, their temperature is greatly influenced by their environment. True fish have a backbone and fins. Most also breathe with gills and have scales that cover their bodies. It is currently believed that fish began to evolve about 480 million years ago. There are about 32,000 known species of fish.
A fish’s
Aquariums bring the beauty and wonder of the underwater world into your home. Although the average fish owner may not typically think of veterinary care for fish, aquatic medicine is becoming more mainstream, especially with the growth in popularity of the Japanese koi and Chinese fancy goldfish show industries. These show-quality fish can cost thousands of dollars, and veterinary care is common. Although a relatively small number of veterinarians throug
Noninfectious diseases of ferrets include those that are not caused by viruses, bacteria, or other infectious agents. Some of the more commonly seen noninfectious diseases include gastric foreign bodies, dilated cardiomyopathy, and kidney disease.
Foreign Objects in the Stomach
Because of their inquisitive nature, ferrets often swallow foreign objects that can become lodged in the stomach or
Two hormonal (endocrine) disorders, insulinomas and hyperadrenocorticism, are common in ferrets.
Insulinomas
An insulinoma is a tumor of the pancreas. These tumors are very common in ferrets older than 3 years of age. Insulinomas produce more insulin than the body needs. The elevated insulin levels result in low levels of blood sugar (hypoglycemia)—a condition that is the opposite of diabetes
Unfortunately, ferrets are very prone to a variety of cancers. In fact, most pet ferrets will have some sort of tumor or cancer during their lifetime.
Mast Cell Tumor
Cutaneous mast cell tumors are probably the most common skin tumors in ferrets, often seen in animals over 3 years of age. These tumors can appear anywhere on the body but typically affect the trunk and neck. The tumor appears a
Ferrets can be infected by a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Some of these can also infect other types of pets and people.
Bacterial Diseases
Helicobacter mustelae is found in the stomach and in the small intestines of most, if not all, ferrets after weaning. It can cause chronic, persistent inflammation of the stomach and can cause ulcers
Ferrets reach sexual maturity between 4 and 8 months of age. Sexual maturity occurs in the first spring after birth. The vast majority of ferrets are spayed or neutered before 6 weeks of age. This is primarily because females come into heat when they reach sexual maturity and will remain in heat unless bred.
Male ferrets that have not been neutered have a strong, musky smell when they come into season, which happens twice yearly. Th