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Introduction to Metabolic Disorders of Dogs

Introduction to Metabolic Disorders of Dogs
date February 3, 2025
Metabolism refers to all processes in the body that break down and convert ingested substances to provide the energy and nutrients needed to sustain life. Foods, liquids, and drugs all generally undergo metabolic processes within the body. Many foods are complex materials that need to be broken down into simpler substances, which in turn become “building blocks” for the body to use as needed. For example, protein is broken down into amino acids, which are used
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Tracheobronchitis (Bronchitis) in Dogs
date February 3, 2025
Tracheobronchitis is a sudden or longterm inflammation of the trachea and bronchial airways; it may also extend into the lungs. It often occurs in dogs already affected by respiratory disease or a disorder of the lungs or airways. For example, infectious tracheo-bronchitis (kennel cough; see below) often follows a viral infection of the respiratory system. Other causes of tracheobronchitis in dogs include parasites, diseases of the mouth and pharynx, chronic coughing
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Tracheal Collapse in Dogs
date February 3, 2025
Tracheal collapse is most common in toy and miniature breeds of dogs, although it may occasionally occur in large-breed dogs. The cause is unknown. Affected dogs have a dry, honking, chronic cough, and labored breathing. They can have trouble breathing during inspiration or expiration. The condition occurs more frequently in dogs that are obese and in those with heart disease or another lung disease (especially chronic bronchitis). Weight loss for obese or overweight dogs i
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Tonsillitis in Dogs
date February 3, 2025
Tonsillitis, an inflammation of the tonsils, usually occurs in dogs with another disorder of the lungs or airways, such as disorders of the nose, mouth, or upper throat (for example, cleft palate); chronic vomiting or regurgitation (for example, from an enlarged esophagus); or chronic coughing (for example, with bronchitis). When present by itself, it is most frequently seen in small breeds. Chronic tonsillitis may occur in brachycephalic dogs (those bred to have fla
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Rhinitis and Sinusitis in Dogs
date February 3, 2025
One of the most common upper respiratory tract malfunctions is rhinitis (inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose) or other damage to the nasal mucous membranes. It is often associated with sinusitis, or inflammation of the lining of the sinuses. If the nasal passages deteriorate and fail to function properly, a major filtration function is removed. This exposes the lungs to much heavier loads of dust and microorganisms. Viral infection i
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Dogs
date February 3, 2025
When a blood clot blocks a blood vessel of the lungs, it is called a pulmonary thromboembolism. Dogs at risk for a pulmonary thromboembolism include those that are critically ill or those with certain diseases, including immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, bacterial infections, protein-losing diseases, certain heart diseases, severe pancreatitis, cancer,
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Pulmonary Edema in Dogs
date February 3, 2025
Pulmonary edema, the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissue, airways, or air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs, may occur along with circulatory disorders or in some allergic reactions or infectious diseases. Head trauma can cause pulmonary edema in dogs. Labored breathing, with an increased rate, and open-mouth breathing may occur. Animals stand or sit rather than lie down, or lie only on their breast bone. The veterinarian may be able to hear crackling noises, normal soun
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Pneumonia in Dogs
date February 3, 2025
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs and airways that causes breathing difficulties and deficiency of oxygen in the blood. There are many possible causes. The most common cause of pneumonia is a viral infection of the lower respiratory tract. Canine distemper virus, adenovirus types 1 and 2, canine influenza virus, and parainfluenza virus cause damage to the airways and make the animal susceptible to the development of pneumonia. Parasitic i
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Pharyngitis in Dogs
date February 3, 2025
Pharyngitis is inflammation of the walls of the throat (pharynx). It accompanies most upper airway viral and bacterial respiratory infections, such as distemper in dogs. Other causes include damage of the pharynx by a foreign object or cancer of the mouth or tonsils. In dogs, foreign objects stuck in the mouth and throat are quite common; typical objects include pins, needles, porcupine quills, and pieces of stick or bone fragments. In general, a
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Paralysis of the Larynx in Dogs
date February 3, 2025
Laryngeal paralysis, a disease of the upper airway, is common in dogs. The condition occurs when the cartilages of the larynx do not open and close normally during respiration. It is an acquired problem in middle-aged to older, large and giant breeds of dogs, such as Labrador Retrievers, Irish Setters, and Great Danes. It is seen less often as a hereditary, congenital (present at birth) disease in Bouvier des Flandres, Leonbergers, Siberian Huskies, Bulldogs, and rac
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