Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite that infects humans and other warmblooded animals. It is found worldwide.
Felines (members of the cat family) are the only definitive hosts of the parasite. (A definitive host is an animal that a parasite requires in order to mature normally.) Both wild and domestic cats serve as the main reservoir of infection. In dogs, a
Tetanus toxemia is caused by a specific poison, or toxin, that blocks inhibitory nerve signals, leading to severe muscle contractions and exaggerated muscle responses to stimuli. The toxin is produced by Clostridium tetani bacteria in dead tissue. Almost all mammals are susceptible to this disease, although dogs are relatively resistant.
Clostridium tetani is found in soil and intestinal tracts. In most cas
Salmon poisoning disease is a short-term, infectious disease of dogs and related species ( for example, foxes, coyotes, wolves), in which the infective bacteria are transmitted by a fluke (a type of flatworm). The name of the disease is misleading because no poison is involved. Elokomin fluke fever resembles salmon poisoning disease but infects a wider range of animals, including members of the dog family, ferrets, bears, and raccoons. These two disorders occur only
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a disease of humans and dogs that is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. (Rickettsiae are a specialized type of bacteria that live only inside other cells.) The spotted-fever group of organisms is found worldwide, but the closely related organisms within this group that cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever are only found in certain geographic areas of North, South, and Central America. They are often transmitted through
Plague is a sudden and sometimes fatal bacterial disease caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. It is transmitted primarily by the fleas of rats and other rodents. This is the disease, often called the Black Death, that swept through Asia and then Europe in the 14th century. Over 25 million people (one third of the population there) died of this disease in Europe between 1347 and 1352. Devastating outbreaks of this disease recurred with regularit
Peritonitis is inflammation of the membrane that lines the inside of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum). It is a serious and often fatal condition in dogs, with mortality ranging from 50% to 70%. Peritonitis may be short or longterm, localized or widespread. Most commonly it occurs due to contamination of the peritoneal cavity. Examples include perforation of the abdominal cavity by a foreign object, splitting open of an abdominal wound closure, rupture of the intestine due to the
Nocardiosis is a longterm, noncontagious disease caused by the bacteria of the genus Nocardia. These bacteria are found commonly in soil, decaying vegetation, compost, and other environmental sources. They enter the body through the skin after an injury (such as dog bites or migrating plant material), contamination of wounds, or rarely by inhalation. Nocardiosis is more likely in dogs with underlying disorders that suppress the immune system, for
Neosporosis is caused by the protozoan parasite Neospora caninum. Neosporosis has been recognized in dogs, cattle, horses, and other animals, but the dog is the definitive host. (A definitive host is an animal that a parasite requires in order to mature normally.) Infection is uncommon but can be acquired by ingesting contaminated food and water, or ingesting infected tissues. It may also be transferred from a mother to a fetus still in the womb (
Melioidosis is a bacterial infection of humans and animals. The disease-causing agent is Burkholderia pseudomallei, which occurs in the soil and water throughout southeast Asia, northern Australia, and the South Pacific. The true boundaries of this organism are unclear, as it may cause sporadic disease and outbreaks in other temperate regions. Melioidosis outbreaks have coincided with heavy rainfall, flooding, major excavations, and disturbances i
Lyme disease, which is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria and transmitted through the bite of a tick, affects domestic animals (dogs, horses, and possibly cats) and humans. At least 4 known species of ticks can transmit Lyme disease. However, the great majority of Lyme disease transmissions are due to the bite of a very tiny tick commonly called the deer tick, or black-legged tick. The scientific name of the tick involved on the