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Dysautonomia in Dogs

Dysautonomia in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
Canine dysautonomia is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system, which controls many reflexes and other neurologic functions that the animal does not consciously control. Other components of the nervous system, including central, peripheral, skeletal, and digestive nerves, are also affected. Cases have been reported from both Europe and the United States, where canine dysautonomia has been seen primarily in the Midwest. Signs often include a loss of the pupillary light re
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Disorders of the Spinal Column and Cord in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
Disorders of the spinal column and cord include congenital defects (discussed above), degenerative diseases, inflammatory and infectious diseases, tumors, nutritional diseases, injury and trauma, toxic disorders, and vascular diseases.   Degenerative Diseases Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis is a disorder of the vertebrae in the lower back that causes compression of the ner
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Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves and Neuromuscular Junction in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
Peripheral nerves are the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord. The neuromuscular junction is the connection between the end of a motor nerve and a muscle. Diseases of the peripheral nerves and neuromuscular junction include degenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, cancers, nutritional disorders, toxic disorders, disorders caused by injury, and vascular diseases.   Degenerative Diseases
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Principles of Therapy of the Nervous System in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
Once a diagnosis is made, appropriate therapy can be considered. There are several groups of drugs that are used to treat disorders of the nervous system. Drugs used to treat epileptic seizures are known as anticonvulsants. Anti-inflammatory medications, including corticosteroids, are used to reduce swelling and inflammation in many types of injuries. These medications may be given intravenously in some cases (such as spinal cord injury) and by mouth in others. Other
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The Neurologic Evaluation of Dogs
date January 30, 2025
Evaluation of the nervous system begins with an accurate history and general physical examination, followed by a neurologic examination. There are a number of specific physical tests that can be carried out to evaluate the functioning of the various components of the nervous system. These include tests of various reflexes, muscle function and control, and posture and gait. Laboratory tests are often needed to diagnose the specific problem. Common laboratory t
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Nervous System Disorders and Effects of Injuries in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
A change in an animal’s ability to sense its environment can be caused by disease in either the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system. The primary signs of nervous system disorders include behavioral changes, seizures, tremors, pain, numbness, lack of coordination, and weakness or paralysis of one or more legs. The effects of an injury on sensory and motor functions depend on its location and severity. A spinal cord injury can c
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Parts of the Nervous System in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
The central nervous system includes the spinal cord and the brain. The brain is divided into 3 main sections—the brain stem, which controls many basic life functions, the cerebrum, which is the center of conscious decision-making, and the cerebellum, which is involved in movement and motor control. The spinal cord of dogs is divided into regions that
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The Nervous System of Dogs
date January 30, 2025
The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and several different kinds of nerves that are found throughout the body. These create complex circuits through which animals experience and respond to sensations. A familiar type of nervous system circuit is a reflex. Reflexes are simple networks found in the nervous system of all animals. For example, when the eyelid is touched, it closes; when the toe is pinched, the foot pu
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Sarcocystosis in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
In sarcocystosis, the muscles and other soft tissues are invaded by single-celled organisms, called protozoans, of the genus Sarcocystis. Although their final hosts are predators such as dogs and cats, these organisms form cysts in various intermediate hosts, including cattle, pigs, people, horses, sheep, goats, birds, camels, wildlife, rodents, and reptiles. Some cysts are visible to the naked eye, but others are too small to see. Their size depe
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Bone Disorders in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
Bone disorders can be developmental, infectious, nutritional, or due to bone tumors, trauma, or unknown causes.   Developmental Bone Disorders Developmental bone disorders appear in young animals when the bones do not grow correctly. They may be congenital (present at birth) or occur as the animal grows. Some of the more common causes include hereditary breed characteristics and dietary imbalances.
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