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Emergency Emergency

Meningitis and Encephalitis in Dogs

Meningitis and Encephalitis in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
Inflammation of the meninges, the membranous covering of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis), and inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) often are seen simultaneously (meningoencephalitis), although either can develop separately. Causes of meningitis, encephalitis, and meningoencephalitis include infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, rickettsia, or paras
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Leg Paralysis in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
Paralysis of a leg often results from damage to the peripheral spinal nerves. Paralysis of a front leg is usually associated with injury to the nerve roots in the neck or shoulder, injury to the network of nerves found deep in the armpit (brachial plexus), or injury to the radial, median, musculocutaneous, or ulnar nerve in the leg. Paralysis of a hind leg is usually associated with injury to the nerve roots in the lower back or tailbone, the network of nerves locate
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Central Nervous System Disorders Caused by Parasites in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
A number of parasites (including worms and insects) are associated with central nervous system disease. Diagnosis requires eliminating other possible causes of illness, such as rabies, and identifying the specific parasite responsible.   Tapeworms Coenurosis (also called gid, sturdy, or staggers) is caused by Taenia multiceps multiceps, an in
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Facial Paralysis in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
Facial paralysis in dogs may result from injuries caused by rough handling or other trauma, such as automobile accidents, inner ear infections, hypothyroidism, tumors, and unknown causes. Paralysis on one side of the face is common when the facial nerve is damaged. Facial paralysis on both sides of the face can be more difficult to recognize, but affected animals often drool and have a dull facial expression. In total facial paralysis, the animal cannot move its eyel
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Dysautonomia in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
Canine dysautonomia is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system, which controls many reflexes and other neurologic functions that the animal does not consciously control. Other components of the nervous system, including central, peripheral, skeletal, and digestive nerves, are also affected. Cases have been reported from both Europe and the United States, where canine dysautonomia has been seen primarily in the Midwest. Signs often include a loss of the pupillary light re
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Disorders of the Spinal Column and Cord in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
Disorders of the spinal column and cord include congenital defects (discussed above), degenerative diseases, inflammatory and infectious diseases, tumors, nutritional diseases, injury and trauma, toxic disorders, and vascular diseases.   Degenerative Diseases Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis is a disorder of the vertebrae in the lower back that causes compression of the ner
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Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves and Neuromuscular Junction in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
Peripheral nerves are the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord. The neuromuscular junction is the connection between the end of a motor nerve and a muscle. Diseases of the peripheral nerves and neuromuscular junction include degenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, cancers, nutritional disorders, toxic disorders, disorders caused by injury, and vascular diseases.   Degenerative Diseases
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Principles of Therapy of the Nervous System in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
Once a diagnosis is made, appropriate therapy can be considered. There are several groups of drugs that are used to treat disorders of the nervous system. Drugs used to treat epileptic seizures are known as anticonvulsants. Anti-inflammatory medications, including corticosteroids, are used to reduce swelling and inflammation in many types of injuries. These medications may be given intravenously in some cases (such as spinal cord injury) and by mouth in others. Other
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The Neurologic Evaluation of Dogs
date January 30, 2025
Evaluation of the nervous system begins with an accurate history and general physical examination, followed by a neurologic examination. There are a number of specific physical tests that can be carried out to evaluate the functioning of the various components of the nervous system. These include tests of various reflexes, muscle function and control, and posture and gait. Laboratory tests are often needed to diagnose the specific problem. Common laboratory t
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Nervous System Disorders and Effects of Injuries in Dogs
date January 30, 2025
A change in an animal’s ability to sense its environment can be caused by disease in either the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system. The primary signs of nervous system disorders include behavioral changes, seizures, tremors, pain, numbness, lack of coordination, and weakness or paralysis of one or more legs. The effects of an injury on sensory and motor functions depend on its location and severity. A spinal cord injury can c
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