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The Neurologic Evaluation in Cats

The Neurologic Evaluation in Cats
date February 4, 2025
Evaluation of the nervous system begins with an accurate history and general physical examination, followed by a neurologic examination. There are a number of specific physical tests that can be carried out to evaluate the functioning of the various components of the nervous system. These include tests of various reflexes, muscle function and control, and posture and gait. Laboratory tests are often needed to diagnose the specific problem. Common diagnostic t
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Nervous System Disorders and Effects of Injuries in Cats
date February 4, 2025
A change in an animal’s ability to sense its environment can be caused by disease in either the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system. The primary signs of nervous system disorders include behavioral changes, seizures, tremors, pain, numbness, lack of coordination, and weakness or paralysis of one or more legs. The effects of an injury on sensory and motor functions depend on its location and severity. A spinal cord injury can c
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Parts of the Nervous System in Cats
date February 4, 2025
The central nervous system includes the spinal cord and the brain. The brain is divided into 3 main sections—the brainstem, which controls many basic life functions, the cerebrum, which is the center of conscious decision-making, and the cerebellum, which is involved in movement and motor control. The spinal cord of cats is divided into regions that
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The Nervous System in Cats
date February 4, 2025
The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and several different kinds of nerves that are found throughout the body. These create complex circuits through which animals experience and respond to sensations. A familiar type of nervous system circuit is a reflex. Reflexes are simple networks found in the nervous system of al
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Sarcocystosis in Cats
date February 4, 2025
In sarcocystosis, the muscles and other soft tissues are invaded by single-celled organisms called protozoans of the genus Sarcocystis. Although their final hosts are predators such as dogs and cats, these organisms form cysts in various intermediate hosts, including cattle, pigs, humans, rodents, sheep, goats, horses, wildlife, and reptiles. Some cysts are visible to the naked eye, but others are too small to see. Their size depends on the specie
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Bone Disorders in Cats
date February 4, 2025
Bone diseases can be developmental, infectious, nutritional, or due to bone tumors, trauma, or unknown causes.   Developmental Bone Disorders Developmental bone disorders appear in young animals when the bones do not grow correctly. They may be congenital (present at birth) or occur as the animal grows. Some of the more common causes include hereditary breed characteristics and dietary imbalances.
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Muscle Disorders in Cats
date February 4, 2025
Myopathies are diseases that primarily cause damage to muscles or muscle tissues. They may be present at birth (congenital) or occur due to nutritional imbalances, muscle injury, ingestion of a poisonous substance, cancer, metabolic disturbances, and inflammation. Myositides are diseases that produce a mainly inflammatory reaction in muscle. Common causes include infections, parasitic diseases, and immune-mediated conditions. S
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Joint Disorders in Cats
date February 4, 2025
Some joint diseases, such as arthritis, affect the joint membranes themselves. Other types of joint conditions affect the tendons, cartilage, bursae, and fluid within the joint. Joint disorders may be congenital (present at birth) or may be the result of injury to the joint, abnormal development, immune-related conditions, cancer, or infections.   Displacement of the Kneecap (Patellar Luxation) This heredit
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Disorders Associated with Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D in Cats
date February 4, 2025
Defective bone formation is called osteodystrophy. It is caused in most cases by deficiencies or imbalances of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, and the hormone that regulates them (parathyroid hormone), all of which are important in creating and maintaining strong, healthy bones. The primary source of calcium and phosphorus is the diet, but a number of factors affect how the body absorbs these minerals. These include the type of food, pH withi
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Congenital and Inherited Disorders of Bones, Joints, and Muscles in Cats
date February 4, 2025
Animals that contract viral infections in the womb may be born with diseased or deformed musculoskeletal systems. Abnormalities may also be congenital (present at birth) if a mother is exposed to certain toxins at certain stages of the pregnancy. Some inherited (genetic) conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system may be neurologic in origin.   Dystrophy-like Myopathies Numerous examples of progressive
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